{"id":13671,"date":"2025-05-16T12:43:59","date_gmt":"2025-05-16T16:43:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pockethealthqa.wpengine.com\/?p=13671"},"modified":"2025-10-17T12:10:41","modified_gmt":"2025-10-17T16:10:41","slug":"thyroid-eye-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pockethealth.com\/patient-resources\/thyroid-eye-disease\/","title":{"rendered":"What to Know About Thyroid Eye Disease"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Thyroid eye disease, also called TED, is an autoimmune condition that can affect some patients with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pockethealth.com\/2025\/03\/11\/thyroid-nodules\/\">thyroid disorders<\/a>, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.niddk.nih.gov\/health-information\/endocrine-diseases\/hyperthyroidism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hyperthyroidism<\/a> and, in rare cases, those with normal or low thyroid levels. These conditions can sometimes impact the tissues and areas around the eyes, leading to pain and inflammation that may become problematic.<\/p>\n<p>This article will provide a basic understanding of the thyroid eye disease, outline its symptoms and discuss the different diagnostic methods used to assess patients for TED.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>What is thyroid eye disease?<\/h2>\n<p>The thyroid gland is located at the base of the front of the neck. Shaped like a butterfly, its purpose is to produce thyroid hormones, which are used throughout the body to regulate metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure, bone health, growth and development and other functions.<\/p>\n<p>There are various autoimmune disorders where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues instead of protecting them. In the case of TED, the immune system targets the thyroid gland, which can lead to inflammation in the tissues around the eyes. This happens because the proteins in the eye tissues are similar to those in the thyroid, causing the immune system to mistakenly attack both areas.<\/p>\n<p>One form of this autoimmune condition is called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thyroid.org\/graves-disease\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Graves&#8217; disease<\/a>. Since thyroid eye disease is a common response to having Graves&#8217; disease, the two conditions are often termed interchangeably, even at times, within the medical community. However, it&#8217;s important to remember that some patients may experience TED without actually having Graves&#8217; disease, as there are multiple thyroid conditions that may cause TED. Other terms for thyroid eye disease include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Graves\u2019 orbitopathy<\/li>\n<li>Graves\u2019 ophthalmopathy<\/li>\n<li>Thyroid ophthalmopathy<\/li>\n<li>Thyroid orbitopathy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Stages of thyroid eye disease<\/h2>\n<p>For many patients, TED occurs in specific phases. The initial or \u201cactive\u201d phase, which may last from six months to two or more years, is when inflammation tends to be most pronounced. Symptoms may fluctuate from minor to severe, coming and going during this time. In most patients, this stage will eventually subside, and the eye changes will stabilize.<\/p>\n<p>For those who experience particularly severe changes during this first phase, there may be permanent damage or structural changes, which could require treatment or surgery to improve function. Other patients, however, may see their eyes return to a normal state. Fortunately, after this phase ends, it\u2019s unusual for eye changes to occur again, meaning many patients have good treatment options and outlooks.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Symptoms of thyroid eye disease<\/h2>\n<p>Symptoms of thyroid eye disease may vary from patient to patient. Many individuals will only experience mild symptoms, though in some cases, they can range to severe. Here are some possible symptoms of TED:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Eye redness:<\/strong> The sclera (the \u201cwhites\u201d of the eyes) may redden due to irritation and inflammation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gritty sensation:<\/strong> Pain and\/or a feeling of sand in the eyes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Eyelid inflammation:<\/strong> Eyelids appear puffy, baggy or red.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Double vision:<\/strong> Also called diplopia.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bulging eyes:<\/strong> Eyes appear to be bulging or protruding.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Eye irritation:<\/strong> Pain, dryness and\/or tearing.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Eyelid retraction:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8988987\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eyelid retraction<\/a> occurs when the eyelid position is displaced, with the upper lid too far up or the lower lid too far down.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is important to remember that these symptoms may be caused by numerous medical conditions besides thyroid eye disease. If you have concerns, consider discussing them with your doctor so they can make any assessments and recommendations for your individual health.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Who is at risk for thyroid eye disease?<\/h2>\n<p>Some of the possible factors that increase a patient\u2019s risk for developing TED include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Having Graves\u2019 disease:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thyroid.org\/patient-thyroid-information\/ct-for-patients\/august-2021\/vol-14-issue-8-p-5-6\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25 to 50% of patients with Graves\u2019 disease<\/a> also experience TED.<br \/>\nBeing assigned female at birth: Patients of the female sex have a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.umkelloggeye.org\/conditions-treatments\/thyroid-eye-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">five times higher risk<\/a> of developing the disease.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Patients who smoke cigarettes:<\/strong> Smoking greatly increases risk and can also make the severity of TED worse. This includes secondhand smoke.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Age factors:<\/strong> TED is more common in patients aged 40 to 60, though it can develop at any age.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Uncontrolled thyroid disorders:<\/strong> Thyroid diseases that haven\u2019t been medically controlled may increase the likelihood of thyroid eye disease.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Previous iodine treatment:<\/strong> If a patient has previously been treated for thyroid dysfunction with radioactive iodine, the risk of TED may increase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>How is thyroid eye disease diagnosed?<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_13672\" style=\"width: 1034px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13672\" class=\"size-large wp-image-13672\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pockethealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Head-Eyes-MRI-min-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"MRI of the head and eyes\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pockethealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Head-Eyes-MRI-min-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.pockethealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Head-Eyes-MRI-min-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pockethealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Head-Eyes-MRI-min-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pockethealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Head-Eyes-MRI-min-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.pockethealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Head-Eyes-MRI-min.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-13672\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>MRI of the head and eyes<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>There are multiple methods to diagnose thyroid eye disease. Here is a brief overview of the most common types.<\/p>\n<h3>Vision tests<\/h3>\n<p>Because TED can cause visual symptoms, such as double vision, an important step in diagnosis is assessing the patient\u2019s field of vision and other eyesight functions. If the patient is experiencing any vision loss, it\u2019s important they inform their doctor immediately, as there are often medications and treatments to help manage this.<\/p>\n<h3>Eye exams<\/h3>\n<p>Another component of the diagnosis is a physical eye exam, where the doctor will take measurements of any eye protrusion or bulging, note any eyelid retraction, inflammation or other changes in the eye area.<\/p>\n<h3>Blood tests<\/h3>\n<p>There are a variety of blood tests that can help diagnose TED, including checking for too much thyroid hormone (or too little), or other indicators of an underlying thyroid disorder, such as Graves&#8217; disease. These blood tests can also be used throughout treatment to monitor how well the condition is being managed.<\/p>\n<h3>CT scan<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pockethealth.com\/2024\/07\/29\/ct-scan-preparation\/\">Computed tomography (CT) scans<\/a> are one of the imaging methods used to assess thyroid eye disease. CT scans use low-dose radiation X-rays to capture detailed images of internal structures. Multiple X-ray images are taken and then merged together to create a more in-depth view of the area being evaluated. In this case, the eyes and surrounding tissues would be scanned to look for inflammation, swelling, optic nerve damage and other structural changes.<\/p>\n<h3>MRI scan<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pockethealth.com\/2025\/02\/12\/mri-with-contrast\/\">Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)<\/a> is another imaging method used to diagnose TED. MRIs use radio waves and strong magnets to align the protons in the body&#8217;s hydrogen atoms. The MRI machine then sends a pulse of energy, temporarily changing their alignment. When these protons return to their previous position, they release energy, which the MRI machine picks up and uses to create detailed internal images. Similar to a CT scan, the MRI is used to look for changes and inflammation in the eye muscles, surrounding tissues and other optical anatomy.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>How is thyroid eye disease treated?<\/h2>\n<p>There are a variety of helpful treatments for thyroid eye disease. Many cases of this condition are mild, so treatments may be fairly simple. For more severe cases, there are still numerous options to help manage symptoms. Here are some common methods:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Eye protection:<\/strong> To help protect sensitive eyes, wraparound sunglasses may be recommended to block bright sunlight or wind.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sleeping with the head elevated:<\/strong> This may reduce pressure on the patient\u2019s eyes, which may lower puffiness and swelling.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Eyedrops:<\/strong> Lubricating the eyes may reduce irritation and dryness. Consider asking your doctor for specific recommendations on which ones to use, as not all types may be suitable.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Medications:<\/strong> Some medications may help with symptoms of thyroid eye disease or vision issues. Consider asking your doctor about any possible side effects or medication interactions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prism glasses:<\/strong> These <a href=\"https:\/\/thyroideyedisease.net\/prism-lenses\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">special lenses<\/a> are used to correct double vision by redirecting light before it reaches the eyes, creating a single image instead of two.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Surgery:<\/strong> There are a variety of surgical procedures that may be used to manage symptoms such as vision changes, protruding eyes, eyelid retraction and other physical manifestations of the disease. Some of these procedures correct problematic issues, while others may be for cosmetic or comfort purposes, such as through eyelid surgery. Regardless, most TED patients don\u2019t require surgery, but it can be very helpful for those who do.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Treating the thyroid disorder:<\/strong> Because TED is often linked to an underlying thyroid disorder, treating this condition is an important part of managing the disease.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Getting your results<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pockethealth.com\/2023\/09\/05\/can-i-see-my-mri-results-online\/\">Turnaround times for imaging results<\/a> can vary widely depending on the facility and your doctor\u2019s availability. Often, patients wait a week or more and receive their results during a follow-up appointment. With <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pockethealth.com\/\">PocketHealth<\/a>, you don\u2019t have to wait as long\u2014your results are securely accessible as soon as the report is available, allowing you to review them often before your follow-up visit.<\/p>\n<p>Your imaging results are interpreted by a radiologist\u2014an expert in medical imaging\u2014who carefully reviews your scans and provides a detailed report of any findings. This report is then sent to your referring doctor, who, with a deeper understanding of your medical history, can offer further insights and recommendations.<\/p>\n<p>To better understand your imaging reports, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pockethealth.com\/patients\/report-reader\/\">Report Reader<\/a> provides clear, straightforward definitions for medical terms. Simply tap or click on any underlined words to reveal their meaning. This is paired with illustrations and highlights of anatomy in your imaging to help you better understand your results and prepare for follow-up appointments.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<p>Here are some common questions regarding thyroid eye disease.<\/p>\n<h3>What are the first signs of thyroid eye disease?<\/h3>\n<p>Everyone is different, and symptoms may vary from patient to patient. However, many people find that initial signs of the disease include eyelid retraction, bulging eyes, aching behind the eyes or sensitivity to light.<\/p>\n<h3>Can thyroid eye disease cause complications?<\/h3>\n<p>For severe cases that aren&#8217;t medically controlled, thyroid eye disease can cause long-term complications such as permanent vision loss or double vision, eyelid changes and other lasting effects. Many of these complications have treatment options to help manage or reduce symptoms, and getting treatment early can often prevent complications from becoming permanent.<\/p>\n<h3>Is Grave\u2019s Disease the same as thyroid eye disease?<\/h3>\n<p>You may come across multiple resources that use the terms Graves\u2019 disease and thyroid eye disease interchangeably. While many patients with Graves\u2019 disease also have TED, they are technically <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thyroideyes.com\/about-thyroid-eye-disease\/ted-vs-graves\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">separate conditions<\/a>. Both are autoimmune diseases that affect the thyroid, but it\u2019s possible to have TED without Graves\u2019 disease, and it\u2019s possible to have Graves\u2019 disease without TED.<\/p>\n<h3>How accurate are medical imaging methods for diagnosing thyroid eye disease?<\/h3>\n<p>CT and MRI scans are highly detailed and accurate at detecting inflammation, swelling and other abnormalities in the tissues around the eyes. However, thyroid eye disease may involve multiple diagnostic components to confirm an official diagnosis. In addition to medical imaging, blood tests, eye exams and assessments of thyroid function can help ensure there are no other causes for eye symptoms.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Take control of your health journey<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pockethealth.com\/\">PocketHealth<\/a> makes it simple to keep track of your eye imaging. All of your vital imaging is in one secure location and can be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pockethealth.com\/2025\/02\/19\/going-digital-with-medical-imaging-records\/\">accessed online anytime<\/a>. Reports can also be easily shared with other physicians in your care team, if needed. Additionally, it makes it easy to track health changes over time, such as with repeat imaging. When used in conjunction with your medical provider\u2019s professional advice, it is a powerful tool for organizing and understanding your imaging results and your health.<\/p>\n<p>PocketHealth <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pockethealth.com\/patients\/mycare-navigator\/\">MyCare Navigator<\/a> gives personalized insights into your health and identifies any recommended follow-up steps. This feature can also generate individualized questions to ask your doctor based on the findings in your report, ensuring you make the most of your consultation.<\/p>\n<div class=\"video-container rounded-30\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/817276745?h=ec54a6c8d8&amp;autoplay=0&amp;muted=1\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thyroid eye disease, also called TED, is an autoimmune condition that can affect some patients with thyroid disorders, including hyperthyroidism and, in rare cases, those with normal or low thyroid levels. These conditions can sometimes impact the tissues and areas around the eyes, leading to pain and inflammation that may become problematic. This article will [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":13674,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[329,337],"tags":[],"table_tags":[],"class_list":["post-13671","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health-conditions","category-patient-advocacy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What to Know About Thyroid Eye Disease<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Thyroid eye disease causes inflammation and swelling around the eyes. Explore its symptoms, diagnosis and the available treatments to manage the condition.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pockethealth.com\/patient-resources\/thyroid-eye-disease\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What to Know About Thyroid Eye Disease\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Thyroid eye disease causes inflammation and swelling around the eyes. 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